DOC The difference between internal and external economies of scale Manuel Dhaidhai

The selling firms reduce their costs of production by realizing something for their wastes. The buying firms gain by getting other firms’ wastes as raw materials at cheaper rates. Internal economies of scale offer greater competitive advantages than external economies of scale. This is because an external economy of scale tends to be shared among competitor firms. The invention of the automobile or the internet helped producers of all kinds. If borrowing costs decline across the entire economy because the government is engaged in expansionary monetary policy, the lower rates can be captured by multiple firms.

These firms divide the work into different processes and appoint various specialists to the work which results in more efficient and error free production. Material of one firm may be available and useable as raw materials in the other firms. When the number of firms in an industry expands they become mutually dependent on each other. In other words, they do not feel the need of independent research on individual basis. These journals provide information to all the firms which relates to new markets, sources of raw materials, latest techniques of production etc.

Company

Enterprises’ experiences cost disadvantages due to an increase in organizational size or output. That will result in the production of goods and services at increased per-unit costs. The Long-run Average Cost (LAC) curve has a U-shape, due to the returns to scale, i.e. economies and diseconomies of scale. Economies of scale imply the corresponding savings in the cost of production achieved by the rise in the level of output or size of the plant. Here, the savings in cost means a reduction in relative terms and not in total cost in absolute, i.e. the average cost of output will be reduced.

If the size of the firm is increased beyond the certain limit, the firm may get diseconomies of scale instead of economies. Therefore the firm must maximize the economies and minimize the dis-economies to sustain in the business for long term. These advantages which are gained by the companies are called as “Economies of Scale”. Pecuniary economies are those which can be had after paying less prices for the factors used in the process of production and distribution. Big firms can get raw material at the low price because they buy the same in the large bulk. In the same way, they enjoy a lot of concessions in bank borrowing and advertisements.

Financial Economies

Economies of concentration occur when many firms are situated in the same place. These linked activities save time and transport costs to the firm. Internal Economies of scale is a result of endogenous determinants, i.e. the reasons which are internal to the firm. On the contrary, External economies of scale occur on account of exogenous determinants, i.e. the reasons which are external to the firm.

• External economies of scale can happen because of positive and negative externalities.
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• Economies and Diseconomies of scale are classified as Internal and External Economies and Diseconomies of Scale.
• The selling firms reduce their costs of production by realizing something for their wastes.

All the large sized firms are in a position to use its by-products and waste-material to produce another material and thus, supplement to their income. For instance, sugar industries make power, alcohol out of the molasses. When firms within the same industry cluster together, they can take advantage of the existing infrastructure and supply networks. Moreover, skilled workers tend to shift close to such clusters for work, thereby giving firms easy availability to labor.

Internal Economies of Scale

The large scale firms don’t need much labour force due to the use of machines in the firm. The large scale firms can use the raw materials effectively and they use wastage of raw materials to produce subsidiary products. External economies refer to all those benefits which accrue to all the firms operating in a given industry. Generally, these economies accrue due to the expansion of industry and other facilities expanded by the Government.

As an industry develops, all the firms engaged in it decide to divide and sub-divide the process of production among themselves. For instance, in case of moped industry, some firms specialize in rims, hubs and still others in chains, pedals, tires etc. It is of two types-horizontal disintegration and vertical disintegration. (iv) The large-scale firms advertise their products on large scales and they are offered advertising facilities at lower prices by advertising firms and newspapers. (iii) The large-scale firms are offered concessional transportation facilities by the transport companies because of the large-scale transportation handling.

An internal economy of scale measures a company’s efficiency of production. That efficiency is attained as the company improves output when the average cost per product drops. This type of economy of scale is a consequence of a company’s size and is controlled by its management teams such as workforce, production measures, and machinery. A firm by increasing the scale of production can enjoy the technical economies.

Take your learning and productivity to the next level with our Premium Templates. However, as a broad spectrum, there is hardly any difference between the two types of economies. She has held multiple finance and banking classes for business schools and communities. (ii) The large-scale firms are offered loans by the banks at a low interest rate and other favourable terms. Access and download collection of free Templates to help power your productivity and performance. Our mission is to provide an online platform to help students to discuss anything and everything about Essay.

I. Internal Economies:

Technical economies of scale are achieved through the use of large-scale capital machines or production processes. The classic example of a technical internal economy of scale is Henry Ford’s assembly line. Another type occurs when firms purchase in bulk and receive discounts for their large purchases or difference between internal and external economies a lower cost per unit of input. Cuts in administrative costs can cause marginal productivity to decline, resulting in economies of scale. When an industry expands in response to an increase in demand for its products, it experiences some external economies as well as some external diseconomies.

• Each department is headed by an expert who keeps a vigil on the minute details of his department.
• The simple meaning is that companies tend to do things more efficiently with increasing size.
• It is of two types-horizontal disintegration and vertical disintegration.

Managerial economies refer to production in managerial costs and proper management of large scale firm. Under this, work is divided and subdivided into different departments. Each department is headed by an expert who keeps a vigil on the minute details of his department.

An example of this would be the IT industry in Silicon Valley, which has attracted a special set of skilled workers. Secondly, certain industries may become so important, they can develop bargaining power with politicians and local governments. This, in turn, can lead to more favorable treatment in the form of subsidies or other concessions. The oil industry has a long history of subsidies in the United States, which were historically given to continue a steady flow of domestic supply. Diseconomies of scale happen when a business’ economy of scale stops functioning, which leads to a rise in marginal costs—instead of a decrease—when output increases. All firms in a particular industry receive equal access to the benefits of external economies of scale.

If external diseconomies outweigh the external economies, that is, when there are net external diseconomies, the industry would be an Increasing cost industry. Both internal and external economies of scale accrue to the firm up to a certain level only, after then the long run average cost curve begins to rise when that level is crossed. The concept of diseconomies of scale is the reverse of economies of scale. After the quantity of production increase beyond the level of 10,000 (Q2) the average cost per item increases.

Difference between Internal Economies and External Economies

Companies can still take relatively greater or lesser advantage of external economies of scale. Nevertheless, internal economies of scale embody a greater degree of exclusivity. Usually, technical economies arise for large scale firms with large-scale production. The large scale firms can use modern machinery and get many advantages.

As a result of this, the firms get a special discount from suppliers. Explore the principle of economies of scale and delve into several real-world examples. Learn the formula for determining economies of scale as well as their types, benefits, inputs and the factors that influence them. Discern the limits of economies of scale and find out the difference between economies of scale and diseconomies of scale. Economies of scale are the cost advantages that a firm enjoys with rising production.